The word museum conjures up images of vast, gilded, artfully curated spaces filled with the blockbuster collections of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the State Hermitage in St Petersburg, the Louvre in Paris or London’s Natural History Museum. These and other museums attract millions of visitors each year who marvel at a treasure trove of ancient artefacts or a host of works by some of the world’s greatest artists. But a museum is more than just a collection of objects. Museums have a powerful social value as places that engage with visitors and offer a rich variety of experiences, including restorative ones.
A recent study by the University of Manchester found that visiting a museum can significantly reduce the feeling of stress and exhaustion in a person. It also increases their self-esteem and sense of identity and reduces their level of psychological discomfort.
Other studies have shown that museums have restorative effects on people and even promote their physical wellbeing. These benefits are especially apparent when the museum offers experiences that stimulate an individual’s creativity or that are a source of inspiration. These experiences can take the form of a leisurely stroll through an exhibition, listening to music in a gallery or enjoying a guided tour with a museum guide.
It’s no wonder, then, that museum visits have become increasingly popular and have a broad appeal. The latest definition of a museum, published by the International Council of Museums (ICOM), reflects this shift in public demand and emphasises the museum’s role in providing a space for social engagement.
The new definition defines a museum as “an institution that researches, collects, conserves, interprets and exhibits tangible and intangible heritage, and does so in partnership with communities.” It also stresses the need for museums to be ethical, diverse, accessible and sustainable. It’s a long way from the previous definition, which was last amended in 2007. The definition revision is the result of one of the most extensive outreach projects in ICOM’s history. Representatives from 126 of the organisation’s National Committees were consulted extensively over an 18-month period and through four distinct rounds of consultation.
While the new definition may have some shortcomings, it does make good use of the latest knowledge about museum practices and visitor experience. For example, the latest studies into museum impact on mental health and wellbeing are incorporated and take into account the need for museums to be more socially engaged with their audiences.
As such, the new definition is a step in the right direction, although it will take time for the full effect to be felt. However, it is a welcome development that is sure to be welcomed by the many visitors who enjoy museums and want them to stay relevant for a long time to come.